We digitized a malaria map for 1966 (shown in Map 5) from WHO (1967) to calculate the percentage of. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples By Sören Scholvin, Mikael Wigell, Mika Aaltola. Bernard L. Latin American societies have become increasingly polarized in recent years. Of particular significance is that a nation’s economic security eclipses its military security (or traditional national defense). Resources can be classified in the following ways: (a) On the basis of origin – biotic and abiotic. The inaugural conference of the RPN is planned on November 30/December 1 2023 in Berlin. And while markets and some sectors can absorb it the casualty will be the housing sector. The research community has a crucial role to play in informing the debate and suggesting policies to promote multilateral cooperation and help avert escalating geoeconomic fragmentation. Abstract. S. So on one hand we have people deliberately bag-holding waiting for government intervention and on the other hand we have people like the one below. Sparke notes in a recent interview: I don’t think it’s useful to think of geopolitics or geoeconomics as spatial or socio-historical essences that can be understood in their own discrete ontological or epochal terms. The RPN will also aim to organize one smaller spring workshop with a focus on younger scholars. 0 percent in 2022 amid an uncertain global environment and rise to 4. The term globalization entails the intertwining of societies and nations on all sides of the globe that transcends borders and enables the free exchange of fundamental aspects of life (Vlados, Chatzinikolaou, and Iqbal Citation 2022; Bhagwati. Asset value down and liabilities up. Hites Ahir , Nicholas Bloom , Davide Furceri. This book reads like fiction. Description. With the rise of China and the implementation of the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” strategy, research on geo-economics between China and ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries has become increasingly important. “Holly 🙀 Barrie. This chapter provides a general theory of geo-economic dynamics in pre-modern and modern inter-societal systems. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a stark. IMF Conference on Geoeconomic Fragmentation. Emerging market and developing economies are particularly affected by reduced access to investment from advanced economies, due to reduced capital formation and productivity gains from the transfer of better technologies and know-how. 🫣 $1. India’s geoeconomic strategy. Not so in the United States, however. Geoeconomics. geoeconomics. After the strong rebound of 6. The coastline of southern Pakistan is about 700 km long, and there are two ports with superior geographical conditions – Karachi Port and Gwadar Port, which are located on the east and west sides of the country. @geoeconomic10. g. During the Cold War, Egypt was the focus of. ABSTRACT. This book provides just that: an understanding of the interplay between geopolitics and economics, and of the impact of that dynamic on financial markets. That was before its faith in the survival of the liberal economic order was shaken by Chinese mercantilism. Economic transformation aims to increase the country's competitiveness in the world manufacturing network. Based on trade and investment flows, this study uses social network analysis to examine the characteristics and structure of trade and investment networks between China. Preferring geoeconomics over geopolitics is trending globally, and Pakistan is also an aspirant to join the suit. –China trade tensions, and a growing number of military conflicts. The survey identifies the cost-of-living crisis as the most severe threat facing us over the next two years. The implementation of the Belt and Road initiative is drawing a new geo-economic network of the Maritime Silk Road. 2m out of which $1m was a mortgage. Introduction | 13 Chinese intellectuals [that] believe that economic globalisation will, over time, transform China politically as well’. China’s rise has been driven by economic development, starting with the launch almost exactly forty years ago of Deng Xiaoping’s Open Door policy, which made China the economic powerhouse it is today―not just domestically, but in most parts of the world. Combined with developments in the cryptocurrency space, this will create. Economic Geography. Explore and monitor the issues and forces driving transformational change across economies, industries and systems. [1] There are four branches of economic geography. (CERB,Wage subsidy, CEBA). Geoeconomics is a contested concept. Abstract. 28. Transport system includes roadways, railways, airways, sea ways and everything else that helps in the movement of people and goods from one place to another. In the last 30 years, China’s economic power has experienced great changes and has brought about a profound impact on the world economy. 2:13 PM · Jul 13, 2023. 2. S. 1 mil. Abstract. 12:17 AM · Jul 11, 2023. A country’s political and business alignments have an impact on individuals, companies and on future economic stability. In this article, Keith Dear argues that demographic and geographic constraints on national power are reducing in two ways. It identifies multiple channels through which the benefits of globalization were earlier transmitted, and along which, conversely, the costs of GEF are likely to fall,. de) is a research fellow at the Institute of Economic and Cultural Geography at the University of Hannover, Germany. 4 Explaining the facts: endogenous growth and geographical economics 424The Indian Ocean has been at the centre of interest for nations for many years. Integration, cooperation and fragmentation: pondering the ‘east-west divide’ In our research, we have sought to uncover how national geographical imaginations reflect the uneven process of European integration, both affirming and contesting basic premises of political community. Chapter 5: Consumer Rights. ‘The $1000 per month deferred interest on 90 year amortizations is not an expense. ”The main objective of economic geography is to identify economic patterns across space and time in order to provide insight into how and why economic systems and practices develop. 22. This paper advances this debate by exploring whether and how the AIIB’s structure follow the design pattern of other leading MDBs, and how well did it manage to integrate institutional effectiveness. Now once you hit your trigger rate you are technically defaulting. The report focuses on the “polycrisis”, a situation where different risks collide, and their interdependency is acutely felt. In the article, the. There is a new wave of interest in the interplay between commerce and strategy, and ‘geoeconomics’ is again becoming a key concept in policy analysis. Experts on economic security from South Korea, Singapore, Australia, and India were invited to discuss their respective countries’ economic security in the context of the varying. This note explores the ramifications. A loss of $900 000… They tried to get 3. Why ASEAN is key to building order in the Indo-Pacific region by KOGA Kei. Either pay up the higher amount, do a lump sum or get forced into sale. Citation. Stunning $500k home. For Europe to remain a key player internationally, the continent must help define the rules of a new geoeconomic world order. To. The so-called geoeconomic turn stands for the increased tendency of countries to use economic policy instruments to promote or defend national interests vis-à-vis trading partners or rival powers. Link copied. Foreign Policy. Bunch of idiots. You will also learn the principles of political geography, including the significance of boundaries, districts. The increasing integration of the global economy has facilitated the interconnection between the world's territories. The BRI and NSRs: geo-economics. China hasn’t. Hidetaka Yoshimatsu (Ph. Transcript. 3). This commentary highlights problems of inequity in academic publishing in geography that arise from the increasing use of metrics as a measure of research quality. Of course, it is not the only “geo-economically active” state in the world. In its neighbors one world power Russia and the other emerging power china lies. 1. ABSTRACT. Ageoeconomicandgeopolitical reviewofGwadarPortonbelt androadinitiative AliGholizadeh SchoolofPublicAffairs,UniversityofScienceandTechnologyofChina,Abstract: The Committee of the Regions was established to reinforce the democratic legitimacy of the European Union. Full-text available. Analytical framework. Recent developments suggest that the international economic order is transitioning away from the Neoliberal Order that has flourished for much of the post-Cold War period toward a new Geoeconomic Order. In recent weeks, senior Pakistani officials, including the country’s powerful army chief, have signaled or outright said that, from now on, their country’s foreign. The economy is constituted of seven general properties: (1) technology. As we stand on the edge of a low-growth and low-cooperation era, tougher trade-offs risk eroding climate action, human development and future resilience. International students lining up to bailout all the pre-con condo bag-holders. To enable a systematic assessment of the presence (or absence) of geo-economic considerations in the negotiation of FTAs, the book proposes a focus on three potential loci of geo-economic motives: the initiation, process and outcome of the negotiations. “Its unreal how realtors and mortgage brokers became the leading source of macro news on twitter in Canada Now they are angry and losing their minds. The introduction starts by explaining the shift towards economic power politics that characterises contemporary international relations. The current would economic crisis is a central concern for all students, and especially of these studying development problems. . January 26, 2023. In this regard, various factors influence Pakistan's shift towards geoeconomics. Zahidi is a Managing Director and Head of the Centre for the New Society and Economy at the World Economic Forum. The collapse of systemically important supply chains was also. increasing cooperation and assistance between countries; easy movement of goods and material between countries; trade and commerce within the country; reducing distances thus bringing the world closer; both production and. Inflation is also broadening well beyond food and energy. Understanding Regional Branching: Knowledge Diversification via Inventor and Firm Collaboration Networks. The story of 2021 in the global economy will continue to be dominated by the pandemic — but examining these trends will help us understand the structures of the post-pandemic world. GEO-ECONOMICS definition: the study or application of the influence of geography on domestic and international. The strains on the global economic system that became apparent during the Global Financial Crisis have worsened with the intensification of geopolitical tensions over the war in Ukraine and the high-tech rivalry between the US and China. He has published the book The Geopolitics of. Plenty of books on geopolitics have been written by eminent experts in politics and. Economic geography. 3 pictures your realtor won’t tell you! 1st - Tsunami of new listings on House-sigma in last 24 hours under a Million. 1. Kvinikadze published The problem of geo-economics definition | Find, read and cite all. Globalization has reduced the importance of distance between countries. This paper studies the impact of China’s development on the evolution of the surrounding geo-pattern from the perspective of geoeconomics. 30% price drops continue. Inflation has risen above most central bank targets, but is expected to peak in late 2022. Environmental security is more pronounced with regard to the Caspian Sea. edited by Christian Bluth. @geoeconomic10. That’s ur social media expert realtor pre-con king for you. The biggest bag-holder is the Canadian government and therefore all of us tax payers. As the global economy struggles to recover from. Here is math: $480k mortgage + $100k downpayment $3058 mortgage payment $520…” Sellers are in such a hurry that they are listing properties without pictures just to get ahead of the upcoming flood of inventory. Series ISSN 2662-2483. Hudson Senior Fellow Thomas J. Joachim Klement. ABSTRACT. Analyses of the Sino-U. This book assembles leading scholars and experts from around the world to advance current thinking on geoeconomics. Contents Acknowledgements vii Foreword ix Introduction 1 Shekhar Aiyar, Andrea F. “TD banks works for me harder than ever. S. ’ Extend and pretend. As far as Canada is concerned. All of the members and alternates of the Committee have to hold the democratic mandate at the regional or local level. Harris. States must develop their rules of the road for economic warfare. America Must Play the Geoeconomics Game. We refer to this practice as geoeconomics. People organize themselves through states and political entities. Neutral unbiased guyAfter several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). @geoeconomic10 Sellers are in such a hurry that they are listing properties without pictures just to get ahead of the upcoming flood of inventory. @geoeconomic10. Gas came up in EXIM meetings with officials from Angola, Brazil, Greece, Iraq, Kenya, Romania, South Africa, Sudan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam. D, Australian National University) is a Professor of Politics and International Relations at Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Japan, as well as Visiting Research Fellow, University of Adelaide, Australia. 96th percentile. If flows of private capital can be unlocked,GEOECONOMICS definition: economics in its relationship to such geographical conditions as location and natural. It not only reshaped the global geopolitical architecture but also created newer challenges and opportunities for international trade and businesses. For Europe to remain a key player internationally, the continent must help define the rules of a new geoeconomic world order. Abstract. In response to comments on a longer article, this essay notes that several scholars define geoeconomics in remarkably broad terms, covering an array of things: borderless economic zones, strategic economic instruments of foreign policy, both neoliberalism and economic nationalism, and so forth. “Tell me who will price this couple out? So a couple makes $170k. 18 This downturn will be led by advanced markets, with projected growth falling to 1. Russia joined the group of countries that provide loans to other governments only quite recently, using the flow of resources from oil sales. Indeed, ever since the famous debate about sea power and land power between Alfred Thayer Mahan and Halford MacKinder. The center is organized around three key pillars of work: the future of capitalism. Their Economic Geography: A Critical Introduction is a wonderfully original work. Means of transport and communication—lifelines of our national economy:They help in—. Following the United States’ pivot to. 447 Origin of Hydrothermal Barite in Polymetallic Veins and Carbonate-Hosted Deposits of the Cyclades. The possibility of more widespread bank turmoil and tighter monetary policy could result in even weaker global growth and lead to financial dislocations in the most vulnerable emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). The starting point for this special issue is to assess the salience and efficacy of ‘new’ (or more correctly, reformulated) ways of theorising and explaining the relationship between regional states and ‘their’ economic actors. 96th percentile. First, that automation, robotics and AI reduce states’ dependence on people to create wealth and to scale military forces to deter or fight. (b) On the basis of exhaustibility – renewable and non-renewable. Literature Review. 40 days on market and no takers yet for a 3 bed cookie cutter house in a town that is 1. In 2020, public. Yet, within countries, geography matters now more than ever. Abstract. In this article, Keith Dear argues that demographic and geographic constraints on national power are reducing in two ways. Only affordable housing is scarce. Due to the geopolitical and geo-economic dimensions on the one hand, and its unique characteristics on the other, this large lake is considerably fragile against. The CSIS Geoeconomic Council of Advisers is a body of distinguished economists with expertise across key industries including semiconductors, real estate, and energy. Issue Date November 2023. India should integrate itself in multilateral trading platforms and leverage its big market to bargain the best deal for itself. Current studies mainly discuss the effect of overseas industrial parks from the perspective of institutional and cultural difference, multi-scale coupling, as well as key partnerships, while little attention. You know why Canadians are getting screwed? Because a painter became a bonds trader giving advice to buy with variable rates. Abstract. The global economy is limping along, not sprinting. The slowdown is concentrated in advanced economies, where growth will fall from 2. The rise of China has had a profound impact on the world and regional political and economic pattern since the reform and opening-up. This book offers a broad geographical, methodological, and empirical account of the emerging field of. A major distinction. Next is natural disasters and extreme weather events while geoeconomic confrontation. Since the launch of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), geo-economic cooperation between China and. DGAP looks at how Germany can contribute to better. Clown show. The general election in Bangladesh was supposed to be held toward the end of 2006, but disagreement between the two major political parties—the AL and the BNP—over the poll time government led to large-scale street violence which prompted the military to put pressure on the president to postpone the election and appoint a caretaker. Web of Science, Scopus) and compare these with a. Since its birth, the concept of geo-economy has had a strong geopolitical color. 7 percent in July for the median country. The intensification of the US-China great power competition in the Indo-Pacific region is now drawing significant attention from the international community. The role of foreign policy think tanks in25. Economic impacts have been cushioned by countries that can afford it, but many lower-income countries are facing multiple crises. Abstract. Kogler, Adam Whittle, Keungoui Kim & Balázs Lengyel. The Atlantic Council and Atlantik-Brücke presented the Transatlantic Forum on GeoEconomics on September 22, 2023. What amazing inflation hedges these houses are 🤭 A drop of $370k. The melting of the Arctic sea ice has two generally well-known geoeconomic consequences. Geoeconomics – one of DGAP’s core themes – explores how the politics of trade, technology, finance, and/or energy can be employed to achieve strategic goals. Order Print Copy. — Geoeconomic🇨🇦 (@geoeconomic10) July 31, 2023 Others were curious about how many positions were available at the job fair, as well as how many hours the job seekers were forced to wait. A shallow and uneven recovery from the global financial crisis (GFC) was followed by Brexit, U. April 5, 2021, 4:46 PM. Christopher Clayton, Matteo Maggiori & Jesse Schreger. I was told they only go up. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesABSTRACT. We assemble a novel dataset of production and bilateral trade flows of the 48 most important energy, mineral and agricultural commodities. @geoeconomic10. Quote Tweet. The Institute of Geoeconomics (IOG) held a preparatory meeting for the Asia Pacific Geoeconomics Council on March 29, 2023, at the International House of Japan. Traditionally, international power has been thought of in geopolitical rather than geoeconomic terms. Expand. First, the Arctic is seen to reveal substantial new sources of hydrocarbons and minerals for future exploitation (Fig. 2022. ไม่ใช่ทุกคน ทุกองค์กร ที่จะแบกรับความเสี่ยงได้ ยิ่งทุก. Britain’s decision to join China’s new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is a revealing example of one of the key realities of the new international order. Economic growth and environmental changes are recognized as contributors to, and consequence of, global land cover and land use change (Magliocca et al. The IISS Strategic Dossier China’s Belt and Road Initiative provides a geopolitical and geo-economic assessment of President Xi Jinping’s flagship foreign-policy initiative. 1:09. Quote Tweet. It should be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. Geoeconomic power and its use appear to be a crucial, albeit understudied aspect of today’s international relations. 10:54 PM · Jun 22, 2023. Recent developments suggest that the international economic order is transitioning away from the post-Cold War Neoliberal Order toward a new Geoeconomic Order. 6 Chief Economists Outlook cooperation (41%) and an increase in private capital flows (30%) between advanced and developing economies. Spring dead cat bounce is over. By contrast it seems more useful to make sense of them instead as affect-laden visions and powerful representational relays of. The nature of globalisation is changing, with the US and China making increasing use of geoeconomic instruments in their big power competition. Everyone believed they were millionaires after buying a house for $1. Back to top. The article marks a first attempt to develop a typology for differentiating potential geoeconomic strategies that. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an issue that has seen no shortage of interest, particularly its heavily covered potential to transform geopolitics by tying smaller states into a Chinese orbit (Blanchard and Flint Citation 2017; Ferdinand Citation 2016; Rolland Citation 2017). It delves into various key issues. To achieve them, Xi formulated a grand geoeconomic strategy to enhance China’s economic presence around the world. It publishes original academic research and discussion. Policies that help include: enhancing infrastructure to help businesses shorten supply chains, increasing broadband access, and improving the business environment. The IISS Strategic Dossier China’s Belt and Road Initiative provides a geopolitical and geo-economic assessment of President Xi Jinping’s flagship foreign-policy initiative. The strains on the global economic system that became apparent during the Global Financial Crisis have worsened with the intensification of geopolitical tensions over the war in Ukraine and the high-tech rivalry between the US and China. Biography Joachim Klement, CFA, is a research analyst and former chief investment officer with 20 years’ experience in financial markets worldwide. This year’s event follows the inaugural Forum held last year. 1, 2023 Since state policy is a systemic phenomenon, there is a necessity to study emergent transformationThe scholarly article presents different analytical approaches to modern understanding and manifestation forms of geoeconomics as a tool of geostrategy. It has been estimated that as much as 13 % of undiscovered oil deposits and 30 % of undiscovered gas deposits on the globe are. 2023. As the effects of the pandemic wane, the region faces. How it started 2022. Indeed, ever since the famous debate about sea power and land power between Alfred Thayer Mahan and Halford MacKinder at the cusp of the twentieth century, scholars have. According to our latest projections, world economic growth will slow from 3. The Atlantic Council and Atlantik-Brücke are pleased to invite you to the Transatlantic Forum on GeoEconomics on September 22, 2023. Geoeconomic🇨🇦@geoeconomic10 From buying properties for kids to using their RESP to pay mortgage. The first years of this decade have heralded a particularly disruptive period in human. 1% to 6%+ #CanadianCrash 2022. Published in The Washington Quarterly (Vol. The implementation of the Belt and Road initiative is drawing a new geo-economic network of the Maritime Silk Road. Nations carry out geopolitical combat through economic means. Edition Number 1. Center Director. Background Global warming and climate change are considered as important environmental problems. These are students taking GO train back after earning $50 doing Uber in Toronto city. The indicator sits at its highest level in a year. Second, while geography was once the only arena for international competition. 2% prime to pay me 5. Written by RTTNews. The Atlantic Council and Atlantik-Brücke are pleased to invite you to the Transatlantic Forum on GeoEconomics on September 22, 2023. Are we entering the fear phase? @geoeconomic10 CIBC had this program no income no credit history program for International Students. The dossier explores the Belt and Road Initiative’s (BRI) role in China’s domestic industrial strategy and in the country’s growing influence around the world. policy in Syria will also drive regional risk in 2020. @geoeconomic10. 2. November 16, 2023 (auto-generated by otter. Sayer, Realism and Social Science (London: Sage 2000). 9 No. relationship based on pre-World War II. Blackwill and Jennifer M. Karachi port is located near India’s border, while Gwadar port is on the west side near Iran. Vince Gaetano@VinceGaetano The process to withdraw funds. A combination of international economic and. Between May 2019 and January 20, 2021, EXIM issued 29 press releases with the word “LNG” (liquefied natural gas). As the reader will see, some geopolitical events have only a fleeting, short-term impact (or none at all), whereas others have a long-lasting impact that might be felt for. The council is chaired by Kirti Gupta, CSIS senior adviser and vice president and chief economist of global technology at Cornerstone Research. In the context of this strategy, China sought to maximize its economic presence in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). Hamilton 104 8 The Triangle Faces East: The Geoeconomic Power of Russian-Chinese-Arab Gulf Cooperation Theodore Karasik 120 9 Global Supply Chain Management in a Fractured World: An Insider’s PerspectiveFragmented markets could complicate matters. It looks at factors such as where businesses are located, how people travel and trade, and what resources are available in different areas. Dr_Silberschmelzer. View. The balance of power is shifting Image: REUTERS/Arnd Wiegmann. China hasn’t. Notes on contributors. Based on the sensitivity and vulnerability of asymmetric. Toronto home prices are tanking as people abandon the turbulent market@geoeconomic10. Policies governing everything from trade and investment to energy and exchange rates are wielded as tools to win diplomatic allies, punish adversaries, and coerce those in between. 34m to $887k Currency un-debasement 2022. This overlapped with the southern Atlantic Slave, Sugar. Th@geoeconomic10. Explore the current issue of Economic Geography, Volume 99, Issue 5, 2023Why ASEAN is key to building order in the Indo-Pacific region by KOGA Kei. This is Michael Forsythe and Henry Sanderson’s China’s Superbank (2012). This increased convergence of economic and security thinking and strategies is likely to lead to a significant restructuring. They are taking the vehicle of the China Development Bank as a story of modern day China. 1. The research underpinning McKinsey’s latest report— India’s economic geography in 2025: States, clusters, and cities —combines a robust understanding of macroeconomic issues at a national level with microlevel insights on the economic and income potential of states, districts, and cities. The Council on Foreign Relations is an independent, nonpartisan membership organization, (CFR) think tank, and publisher dedicated to being a resource for its members, government officials, busi-Economic geography is the study of how economic activity is distributed across the globe. Today, global space realities are transforming human activities on and off the planet, and remapping the economic and national security prospects for all nations (Pekkanen, Reference Pekkanen 2019). The economy is constituted of seven general properties: (1) technology. $1M loss booked in less than a year. 2. These are the questions that the Global Agenda Council on Geo-economics will be grappling with over the next two years. ABSTRACT: After several decades of increasing global economic integration, the world is facing the risk of policy-driven geoeconomic fragmentation (GEF). Geoeconomics – one of DGAP’s core themes – explores how the politics of trade, technology, finance, and/or energy can be employed to achieve strategic goals. At this year’s conference, we will outline. With the advances of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the geo-economic interactions between China and countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road counties (MSRCs) continue to increase, and analyzing the geo-economic relations between China and the MSRCs is extremely important for a scientific understanding of bilateral geo-economic cooperation. By Zakaria Imessaoudene. In our hypothetical scenario where trade of critical minerals between blocs is disrupted, investment in renewable energy and electric vehicles could be lower by as much as 30 percent by 2030, compared to an unfragmented world. First, geoeconomics needs to be defined as a concept that accounts for a new and important phenomenon. Only then, it can be termed as a ‘Resource’. The malaria index at the start of the 1965-1990 period is constructed in a manner similar to that for the malaria index for 1994. The BRI is a geo-economic initiative involving around 70 countries along the land-based ‘belt’ or the ‘maritime road’ impacting more than two-thirds of the world’s population. Immigrants were landing one month with $10k in their pocket for rent and buying pre-cons with LOCs. Like other provinces in the Canadian federation, B. The effects of the globalization process can extend in numerous directions. He spent most of his career working with high-net-worth individuals and family economic statecraft. Edward Alden. Chapter 2: Sectors of the Indian Economy. S. Introduction. Prospects for the geo-economy of the future are outlined based on sustainable agriculture and. 103–115; R. Price discovery $250k down. It just gets added to debt. When governments use the infrastructure of the global economy to pursue political goals, they challenge the universality of the. Marina Bragina. Become an expert in the contemporary political map and the historical influence of colonialism, imperialism, independence movements, and the rise and fall of communism. Abstract. Page Last Revised - October 8, 2021. edited by Christian Bluth 10 Feb 2021. We will have a lost decade in real estate. This year’s event follows the inaugural Forum held last year. The countries along the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (MSRCs) are important geo-economic spaces for China.